{"id":12796,"date":"2024-11-01T15:18:22","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T13:18:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/amoslaki.fi\/?p=12796"},"modified":"2025-02-04T14:52:49","modified_gmt":"2025-02-04T12:52:49","slug":"mergers-of-limited-companies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/amoslaki.fi\/en\/osakeyhtioiden-sulautumisesta\/","title":{"rendered":"Mergers of limited liability companies"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Contents\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/amoslaki.fi\/en\/osakeyhtioiden-sulautumisesta\/#SULAUTUMISSUUNNITELMAN_LAATIMINEN_JA_KUULUTUS\" >Drafting and Announcement of a Merger Plan<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/amoslaki.fi\/en\/osakeyhtioiden-sulautumisesta\/#SULAUTUMSEN_TAYTANTOONPANO\" >Implementation of the merger<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/amoslaki.fi\/en\/osakeyhtioiden-sulautumisesta\/#LOPPUTILITYS\" >Final utility<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/amoslaki.fi\/en\/osakeyhtioiden-sulautumisesta\/#MITA_SULAUTUMINEN_TARKOITTAA_SULAUTUMISEEN_OSALLISTUVIEN_YHTIOIDEN_OSALTA\" >WHAT DOES MERGER MEAN FOR THE COMPANIES INVOLVED IN A MERGER?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">A merger under the Companies Act refers to a situation where the assets and liabilities of a merging company are transferred to a receiving company, and the merging company ceases to exist. A merger is a very formal process, and it usually takes about 5-6 months.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A merger under the Companies Act means a situation where the assets and liabilities of the merging company are transferred to the acquiring company, and the merging company ceases to exist. There are four different types of mergers: absorption merger, subsidiary merger, triangular merger and combination merger.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>absorption melting<\/li>\n<li>subsidiary merger, which is a special form of absorptive merger<\/li>\n<li>triangular merger, meaning an absorption merger in which the acquiring company does not issue merger consideration, but the consideration is issued by a third party; and<\/li>\n<li>Combination fusion.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>A merger typically takes around 5-6 months and comprises four phases: 1) drafting the merger plan, 2) applying for notification to creditors, 3) executing the merger, and 4) submitting the final accounts. The merger and all its phases involve several deadlines that must be strictly adhered to, under penalty of the merger lapsing. Before commencing a merger, it is therefore advisable to carefully consider the intended timeline and how the merger will be phased. However, when implemented correctly, a merger is an effective way to enhance business operations and, for example, simplify a group structure.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SULAUTUMISSUUNNITELMAN_LAATIMINEN_JA_KUULUTUS\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Drafting and Announcement of a Merger Plan<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In the first phase of a merger, a merger plan is always drawn up and in all mergers, which must be approved by the boards of the merging companies and registered in the Trade Register. The merger plan is a legal document, primarily resembling a contract, which describes the financial situation and asset structure of the companies. It includes, among other things, the transferred assets and liabilities, the merger timetable, the terms and amount of any merger consideration, and other minimum conditions mentioned in the Companies Act. Equal treatment of shareholders requires that the merger consideration is usually given in shares. In group company mergers, consideration is not given as presented above, but in other mergers, shareholders generally receive shares in the acquiring company as consideration.<\/p>\n<p>An auditor's report is required for a merger plan. The auditor assesses the financial situation and solvency of the companies. This report protects both shareholders and creditors and ensures that the information provided about the merger is sufficient and accurate. In a subsidiary merger, the report can be simpler because there is no minority shareholder interest. According to the Companies Act, the merger plan and the auditor's report must be registered with the trade register within one month of the date on which the merger plan is signed.<\/p>\n<p>In the second phase of a merger, a public notice is sought for the creditors of the merging company. Through the notice procedure, creditors are given the right to oppose the merger by notifying the Companies Register by the deadline mentioned in the public notice at the latest. If objections arise, negotiations are held with the creditors, security is offered, or debts are paid before the final approval of the merger. Typically, the public notice is sought concurrently with the registration of the merger plan.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SULAUTUMSEN_TAYTANTOONPANO\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Implementation of the merger<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In the third phase of a merger, the implementation phase, shareholders or the board of directors must make a decision on the implementation of the merger within four months of the registration of the merger plan. If the decision is not made within the deadline, the merger shall lapse. Generally, the shareholders of the merging company make this decision, but in mergers between parent and subsidiary companies or sister companies, the board of directors is the decision-making body. In the acquiring company, the board of directors decides on the merger.<\/p>\n<p>The implementation of the merger must be notified to the Trade Register within six months of the decision, or the merger will lapse. The notification must be accompanied by an assurance from the board members and managing directors of the companies participating in the merger that the provisions of the Companies Act have been complied with, and by proof that the notifications required by law have been sent to the creditors. In addition, the notification must be accompanied by a statement from the auditor confirming that the merger has been carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act.<\/p>\n<p>Registration can be effected if creditors have not opposed the merger or if objections have been resolved by paying the debt or obtaining security for payment. At the time of registration, the assets and liabilities of the merging company are transferred directly to the acquiring company without liquidation proceedings, and the merging company is dissolved.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LOPPUTILITYS\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Final utility<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In the final stage of a merger, once the merger takes effect, the merging company must prepare a final account. This will be presented to the shareholders' meeting by the board of directors and the CEO of the merging company. The meeting is legally designated as a shareholders' meeting because the general meeting of shareholders of the merging company has ceased to operate prior to this, as the company was dissolved. However, the procedures and grounds applicable to a general meeting of shareholders apply to this meeting.<\/p>\n<p>The final accounts include the financial statements for the period for which financial statements have not yet been presented to the general meeting. If the company has an auditor, the final accounts must be submitted to the auditor, who must provide an auditor\u2019s report on the final accounts within one month. The board must, without delay after these actions, submit the final accounts to the Trade Register for registration.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MITA_SULAUTUMINEN_TARKOITTAA_SULAUTUMISEEN_OSALLISTUVIEN_YHTIOIDEN_OSALTA\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>WHAT DOES MERGER MEAN FOR THE COMPANIES INVOLVED IN A MERGER?<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The principle of universal succession in the transfer of assets and liabilities essentially means that assets and liabilities do not need to be itemised and separated, unlike when a company is dissolved through liquidation. The succession applies equally to known and unknown assets and liabilities. Rights and obligations based on agreements entered into by the merging company are included in these transferable assets and liabilities. A merger is not a transfer of a contract, so the separate consent of a creditor or contractual partner is not required. For example, contractual liability for agreements entered into by the merging company generally transfers to the acquiring company.<\/p>\n<p>Due to the principle of universal succession, a creditor's claim does not cease to exist in a merger, but rather transfers to the new debtor under the same terms. After the merger, the creditor has the same creditor rights as before the merger. Furthermore, the merger does not improve the creditor's position. In any case, the acquiring company has the same debtor position as the merged company had.<\/p>\n<p>The receivables of the merging company are transferred to the acquiring company on the same terms. The acquiring company obtains the same rights as a creditor to the receivable as the merging company had. The transfer of rights of claim is based on an express provision of the Companies Act, so the effectiveness of the transfer in relation to the debtor and third parties no longer depends on a notification of transfer being made to the debtor. Of course, it is always good to inform the debtor of the transfer.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Jari Sotka<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Lawyer, MBA<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Tel. 040 544 0610<\/em><br \/>\n<em>jari.sotka@amoslaki.fi<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Amos Attorneys at Law Oy<\/em><br \/>\n<em>www.amoslaki.fi<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The author has worked as a lawyer and advocate for more than 25 years, focusing throughout his career on preventing and solving legal problems for small and medium-sized enterprises.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Osakeyhti\u00f6lain mukainen sulautuminen tarkoittaa tilannetta, jossa sulautuvan yhti\u00f6n varat ja velat siirtyv\u00e4t vastaanottavalle yhti\u00f6lle, ja sulautuva yhti\u00f6 lakkaa olemasta. Sulautuminen on hyvin m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4muotoinen prosessi ja sulautumisessa kest\u00e4\u00e4 yleens\u00e4 noin 5-6 kuukautta. &nbsp; Osakeyhti\u00f6lain mukainen sulautuminen tarkoittaa tilannetta, jossa sulautuvan yhti\u00f6n varat ja velat siirtyv\u00e4t vastaanottavalle yhti\u00f6lle, ja sulautuva yhti\u00f6 lakkaa olemasta. Sulautumisia on nelj\u00e4 erilaista [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":12642,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[510,63,13,621],"tags":[916,923,798,506,922,920,441,915,918,925,504,921,917,500,801,924,919],"class_list":["post-12796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sopimusoikeus","category-yrittajat","category-yritysjuridiikka","category-yritysoikeus","tag-absorptiosulautuminen","tag-kaupparekisteri","tag-kuulutus","tag-kuulutusmenettely","tag-lausunto","tag-lopputilitys","tag-osakeyhtiolaki","tag-sulautuminen","tag-sulautumissuunnitelma","tag-sulautuva-yhtio","tag-tilintarkastaja","tag-tytaryhtio","tag-tytaryhtiosulautuminen","tag-vastaanottava-yhtio","tag-velkojan-suoja","tag-yhtiokokous","tag-yleisseuraanto"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Osakeyhti\u00f6iden sulautumisesta &#8211; Asianajotoimisto Amos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Osakeyhti\u00f6lain mukaisessa sulautumisessa sulautuvan yhti\u00f6n varat ja velat siirtyv\u00e4t vastaanottavalle yhti\u00f6lle, ja sulautuva yhti\u00f6 lakkaa olemasta. 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